交互协议

• Flag
• 数据传输模型
• 网络通信协议
  • HTTP

Flag

端到端、服务到服务、端到服务之间的交互协议规范

• https://github.com/schemaorg (opens new window)
  • https://schema.org (opens new window)
• OpenAPI规范 https://github.com/OAI (opens new window)
  • https://github.com/OpenAPITools (opens new window)
  • https://github.com/rookie-luochao/openapi-ui (opens new window)
• https://github.com/graphql (opens new window)
  • https://graphql.org (opens new window)
  • https://github.com/chentsulin/awesome-graphql (opens new window)
  • https://github.com/apollographql (opens new window)
  • https://github.com/dotansimha/graphql-yoga (opens new window)
  • https://github.com/n1ru4l/envelop (opens new window)
• C# https://github.com/dotnet/wcf (opens new window)
  • https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/framework/wcf (opens new window)
• Java https://github.com/apache/cxf (opens new window)
• https://axis.apache.org (opens new window)
  • https://github.com/bnoordhuis/axis2-c (opens new window)

数据传输模型

该模型用于帮助人们解决应用程序与服务器传递数据的问题

WebService是RPC的一种，RPC使用非常广泛（RPC和MQ是分布式两大基石），目前基本上各大场都有自己的RPC，开源成熟的RPC也非常多。

RPC按通信协议，可以分为：基于HTTP的、基于TCP等； 按报文协议可以分为：基于XML文本的、基于JSON文本的，二进制的； 按照是否跨平台语言，可以分为：平台专用的，平台中立的

• API架构风格对比：SOAP vs REST vs GraphQL vs RPC (opens new window)
• REST 和 gRPC 的详细比较 (opens new window)
  • https://github.com/riok/kreya (opens new window)
• JMS Java消息服务(Java Message Service) (opens new window)

• Web Service 模型 (opens new window)
  • SOAP(Simple Object Access Protocol，即简单对象访问协议) (opens new window)
    • SOAP over HTTP
    • SOAP over TCP
    • SOAPover Message Queues
    • RSS Syndication Services
    • WS-Discovery
    • WS-Addressing
    • WS-ReliableMessaging
    • WS-Security
    • JAX-WS（Java API for XML-based Web services）
    • UDDI (opens new window)
  • RPC 模型（面向方法）https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_procedure_call#General (opens new window)
    • XML-RPC (opens new window)
    • JSON-RPC (opens new window) https://www.jsonrpc.org (opens new window)
    • SOAP (opens new window) + WSDL (opens new window) [SOAP 本质上是 XML-RPC 的升级版]
    • JAX-RPC
  • REST Web Service
  • RESTful Web Service
  • Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)，以前称为Indigo
• WEB API
  • REST(Representational State Transfer) 模型（面向资源）
    • REST API
    • RestFul API
    • GraphQL
• SOA（Service Oriented Architecture）面向服务的架构
• RCON (opens new window)

• 技术概念大揭秘-RPC/Restful/HTTP/SOAP/WebService傻傻分不清楚？ (opens new window)
• 既然有 HTTP 请求，为什么还要用 RPC 调用？ (opens new window)

• RPC（remote procedure call，远程过程调用）：一种通过网络从远程计算机程序上跨语言跨平台的请求服务。主要是分布式式系统中应用。
• Web Service：一种跨编程语言和跨操作系统平台的远程调用技术。
• SOAP(Simple Object Access Protocol，简单对象访问协议)：基于 HTTP或 SMTP等多种网络标准规约，它是向网络上的其他计算机传送 XML文档而定义标准Package结构的通信规约息。
• WSDL (WebServices Description Language)：WEB服务描述语言，它是Web Service服务端使用说明书，说明服务端接口、方法、参数和返回值，随服务发布自动生成
• RMI(remote method invocation，面向对象的远程方法调用)
• REST(representational state transfer，表达性状态转移)
• Restful：一种接口规范，符合这套规范编写的接口就是restful 接口
• JMS（Java Messaging Service）
• EJB(enterprise java bean)
• JNDI（Java naming and Directory Interface）
• JRMP(Java Remote Method Protocol)

• Webservice RPC风格 SOAP,REST风格 各之间的对比 (opens new window)
• 什么是 RESTful ？到底 REST 和 SOAP、RPC 有何区别？ (opens new window)
• 正确甄别API & REST API & RESTful API & Web Service之间的差异与联系 (opens new window)
• 远程通信的几种选择（RPC，Webservice，RMI，JMS的区别） (opens new window)
• SOAP webserivce 和 RESTful webservice 对比及区别 (opens new window)
• 如何通俗易懂地解释什么是SOA？ (opens new window)
• RESTful API设计参考文献列表 https://github.com/aisuhua/restful-api-design-references (opens new window)
• https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/HATEOAS (opens new window)
• RESTful API设计规范 https://github.com/godruoyi/restful-api-specification (opens new window)
• RESTful API设计规范 (opens new window)
• RESTful跟WebService的区别 (opens new window)

网络通信协议

• HTTP状态码 https://github.com/leonlarsson/http-raccoons (opens new window)

应用层

Gopher -> HTTP -> Gemini

• WebDav/CalDav/CardDav/WebCal/iCalendar (opens new window)
• WebDAV (opens new window)
• https://github.com/JackJiang2011/MobileIMSDK (opens new window)
• Server-Send Events（SSE）只支持服务端->客户端的单向通讯 Server-Sent Events 详解及实战 (opens new window)

• WebSocket（SignalR）支持服务端<->客户端的双向实时通讯
• HTTP（Hypertext Transfer Protocol）超文本传输协议，显示网页，只支持客户端->服务端的单向通讯
  • https://github.com/rednafi/httpurr (opens new window)
• Gemini https://gemini.circumlunar.space (opens new window)
  • https://github.com/kr1sp1n/awesome-gemini (opens new window)
  • https://portal.mozz.us/gemini/gemini.circumlunar.space/servers (opens new window)
• DNS（Domain Name System）
  • https://github.com/v2fly/v2fly-github-io/blob/master/docs/v5/config/dns.md (opens new window)
  • https://github.com/EmilHernvall/dnsguide (opens new window)
• FTP（File Transfer Protocol）
• SFTP（SSH File Transfer Protocol）和FTP不一样
• SCP（Secure copy）基于SSH
• ASCII
• Xmodem
• Ymodem
• Zmodem
• Kermit
• SSH （Secure Shell）
• SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）
• SNMP（simple Network Management Protocol）
• Socket (opens new window) 是应用层与TCP/IP协议族通信的中间软件抽象层，它是一组接口。
  • 在设计模式中，Socket其实就是一个门面模式，它把复杂的TCP/IP协议族隐藏在Socket接口后面
• AMQP(Advanced Message Queuing Protocol,高级消息队列协议)
• XMPP(Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol,Jabber)
  • https://github.com/xsf/xmpp.org (opens new window)
  • https://xmpp.org (opens new window)
  • https://github.com/mathiasertl/django-xmpp-server-list (opens new window)
  • https://sourceforge.net/projects/pidgin (opens new window)
    • https://imfreedom.org (opens new window)
    • https://kb.imfreedom.org (opens new window)
• OTR(Off-the-Record Messaging，不留记录即时通讯协议) https://hardenedlinux.github.io/cryptography/2018/02/01/pidgin_xmpp_otr_debian.html
• OMEMO
• IMPP(Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol,即时消息和在线状态协议)
  • https://www.trillian.im/impp (opens new window)
• STOMP(Streaming Text Oriented Messaging Protocol,流文本定向消息协议)
• MQTT(Message Queuing Telemetry Transport，消息队列遥测传输)：是一种基于发布/订阅（publish/subscribe）模式的"轻量级"通讯协议
  • https://mqtt.org (opens new window)

通信层

• TCP（Transmission Control Protocol）三次握手传输协议
  • 详解TCP连接的“三次握手”与“四次挥手” (opens new window)
• UDP（User Datagram Protocol）用户数据报协议
• mKCP
  • https://github.com/skywind3000/kcp (opens new window)
• gRPC
• QUIC
  • https://github.com/quic-go/quic-go (opens new window)
• meek
• TCP、Socket、WebSocket、HTTP (opens new window)
• 网络编程 socket详解 TCP socket和UDP socket (opens new window)
• 【Socket学习】1. TCP与UDP (opens new window)
• socket通信 tcp协议和udp协议 C++ (opens new window)
• UDP 和 TCP 的 socket 分别一般用在什么地方？ (opens new window)
• https://wicg.github.io/direct-sockets (opens new window)
• https://github.com/NetAsmCom/Socketify (opens new window)

网络层

• IP（Internet Protocol）
• ICMP（Internet Control Message Protocol，主要用于路由发送错误报告）
• IGMP

链接层

• MAC（media access control）
• ARP
• RARP

Proxy代理协议

• VMess
• VLESS
• VLite
• Trojan
• Shadowsocks
• Socks
• HTTP
• Freedom
• Dokodemo
• Blockhole
• DNS
• Loopback

HTTP

• https://github.com/topics/server (opens new window)
• https://github.com/topics/http-server (opens new window)
• https://github.com/topics/http-client (opens new window)
• https://github.com/search?q=WebSocket (opens new window)
• https://github.com/topics/websockets (opens new window)

• 互联网号码分配机构（IANA）官方MIME类型列表 (opens new window)
• 常用对照表 (opens new window)
• https://www.runoob.com/http/http-tutorial.html (opens new window)
• https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTTP (opens new window)
• https://github.com/httpcats/http.cat (opens new window)
• HTTPS的工作原理 https://stephanietang.github.io/2020/04/19/how-https-works (opens new window)
• 图解QUIC连接 https://cangsdarm.github.io/illustrate/quic (opens new window)
  • https://github.com/syncsynchalt (opens new window)
• 谈谈HTTP协议中的短轮询、长轮询、长连接和短连接 (opens new window)

Content-Type只会存在于POST、PATCH、PUT等有请求数据实体时指定数据类型和数据字符集编码， 而GET、DELETE、HEAD、OPTIONS、TRACE等没有请求数据实体

Content-Length则视Content-Type而定，如text/html、text/javascript等请求数据没有Content-Length

• HTTP协议中的Accept与Content-Type的区别 (opens new window)
• https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Accept (opens new window)
• HTTP传输编码增加了传输量，只为解决这一个问题 | 实用 HTTP (opens new window)
• https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/分块传输编码 (opens new window)

POST、PATCH、PUT等请求有请求数据实体的数据为表单参数， GET、DELETE、HEAD、OPTIONS、TRACE等没有请求数据实体的查询参数拼接在URL?后面